The operating system is the program that manages the hardware inside a computer. It allocates the amount of time each application has to run on the CPU. It also assigns disk space and protects data from unauthorised access. It also provides an interfacing between the hardware and applications programs. This allows the software easily to communicate with a range of hardware devices such as printers, WiFi adapters and disk drives.
In addition to the previously mentioned features, an OS allows multiple software processes to run simultaneously on a single processor. Multitasking is the term it is called. It also allows the user to interact with the computer through the use of a GUI (graphical) or command-line interface. The operating system could be a single program that runs in memory, or a set of libraries and programs that reside on the hard drive and are loaded into memory as required.
Other essential functions of operating systems include error detection. The system constantly monitors all inputs and outputs, in order to spot errors and avoid further problems. It also has to manage connections to networks and create security protocols in order to prevent unauthorized access.
The OS also stores drivers of devices in a standard file format to facilitate identification. It is also able to install and configure new drivers whenever hardware changes. In addition it can OS can translate a user-generated program from high-level language to machine code through loader and compiler. It can even transfer the data on a disc when it detects bad sectors.
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